Alwar is probably the oldest kingdom of Rajasthan. In 1500 BC, Alwar was the part of the Viratnagar, which also included Matsya, Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karauli. The city was founded by the Kachh family of Amber and the Kachhwahas of Nikumbhas controlled it. Under Bahadur Nahara of Mewat, Alwar passed on to the Khanzadas and became the part of the kingdom of Mewat. During the course of history, Alwar was handed over to Sawai Jai Singh of Jaipur by Aurangzeb but was later taken back because of the strategic position of the fort of Alwar.
In 1803, the British awarded the thakurs of Alwar with the title of 'Maharaja' for their support in a battle against the Marathas. The British Resident was established in the city, which was strongly resented by the Maharaja who disliked their constant interference in the governance.
After the Independence, Alwar merged with the other princely states of Bharatpur, Karauli and Dholpur and formed the United State of Matsya. Matsya merged into the state of Rajasthan in 1949.
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